In the early 2010s, several policies were introduced to help achieve this target. In particular, the Conservative-led UK governments from 2010 to 2019 had explicit targets to reduce net migration – immigration minus emigration – to under 100,000 a year. The number of people who meet the criteria will fluctuate over time even when policy does not change.ĭuring some periods, specific numerical targets in immigration policy have been in place, however. Immigration policies tend not to specify the total number of people who can move to a country, but simply set eligibility criteria to determine who can qualify for residence. The scale of UK migration is affected by immigration policies but also depends on other factors such as the state of the economy here and in countries of origin, demand for international study opportunities, and events and crises around the world. In the past 20 years, official projections have usually underestimated future net migration levels. Projections of future net migration are inherently uncertain.By the year ending June 2022, they did not contribute to overall net migration at all, according to official estimates. EU citizens made up a majority of immigration and net migration in the run-up to the 2016 EU referendum.Increases in temporary work and study migration post-pandemic have contributed to net migration in the short run, although most leave the UK within a few years.
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Increased net migration in this period was not primarily the result of the post-Brexit immigration system that replaced free movement. Net migration was unusually high in 2022, as several factors came together at once, including the war in Ukraine and the humanitarian route for Hong Kong British National Overseas (BNO) status holders.The UK has experienced broadly similar levels of migration compared to other high-income countries, on average, over the past few decades.
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